The Syrian Protests and American Intervention

The Syrian Protests and American Intervention It is now over one year since the Syrian protests, which kicked off in Dara’a, a small agricultural town in the country, begun. The Syrian police met the small uprising, which brought together a handful of people, with ruthlessness and brutality beyond the expectations of many people, thereby inciting more people to join the course.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Syrian Protests and American Intervention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, barely all towns in the country have experienced violent protests against the long reigning president Bashar Assad and his family. According to the United Nation’s estimates, approximately 9000 people, most of them soldiers, have died in the violence that has continued to rock most parts of the country[1]. However, human rights groups and journalist put the estimates much higher at 30, 000 people by October 2012. They claim that government’s e fforts at hiding the real happenings in the country have led to a serious clamp down on any forms of journalistic access, thereby denying the international community any chance of getting up-to-date information on deaths, property destruction, and atrocities against women and the minority. As a result, the international community has treated Syrian case slightly to the disadvantage of the country’s innocent citizens, especially women and children who are subjected to heinous acts such as rape, torture, and forced labor. Therefore, Mr. President, if your government is to make any decisions based on the recommendations provided in this letter, I will be glad if you considered the possibility of worse things happening in Syrian beyond the grainy streaming media footages who may have watched, as they do not capture even half of what is happening on the ground. As a nation founded on sound democratic principles and respect for human life and dignity, we have been drawn into this m ess by our desire to give to the people of Syria, a democratic government, and an environment free from abuse, violence, and intimidations. So far, our attempts to institute a democratic government in Syrian and to end the suffering of the people have been futile. Worst still, the rebels who have been fighting the government are ill-equipped to make any significant process towards toppling the government[2]. Their activities have remained limited to Damascus. This calls for drastic measures. Our ultimate goals in Syria are driven by both morals and concerns for the suffering civilians. We need to defend the civilians against military abuse.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We need to assist in the creation of a democratically elected government that is representative of the people’s wishes. However, the process of instituting a democratic governm ent can never be easy. In most cases, it involves war and sanctions against doctorial regimes. Nevertheless, the Syrian people have spoken boldly of their desire for change, which makes any options available, regardless of the costs involved, worth pursuing. Additionally, we need to prevent Syria’s situation from dragging it into a failed and war-ridden state like Somalia. If this trend continues unchecked, then the nation could end up in a situation like that of Somalia. Finally yet importantly, we should strive to ensure that the country’s chemical weapons do not end up in the hands of extremist Islamic groups who are known for â€Å"terrorist activities† in the world today[3]. The United States of America suffered severely in the hands of terrorists and should not spare any efforts in fighting them.[4] The 9/11 attack has and will remain in the minds of many people who lost their loved ones for many years to come. In that single attack, the U.S lost millions of dollars and thousands of lives.[5] Given the circumstances surrounding the Syrian case, American intervention is in complete interest of the nation and its citizens. The U.S government’s principal interest is to protect its citizens. However, protecting Americans, does not only involve securing the country’s borders, but also toppling all governments that are sympathetic to terrorists and regimes that promote the use of chemicals and illegal atomic weapons. Bashar Assad’s government trades in these unfriendly territories and the U.S government should not sit back and watch from the sidelines as it furthers its monstrous activities. The people of Syria have a right to determine their own future since the country is a sovereign state[6]. However, its leadership has ignored the people’s plea for regime change, thereby necessitating external intervention. The U.S is perceived by many states as the international watchdog. Therefore, it should take a center stage in securing a solution for Syria’s problems. However, our intervention in Syria should be wise and well calculated. Considering Bashar Assad’s close association with the Iran and Russian regimes, any form of military intervention could worsen the bad situation[7]. The most viable option is the involvement of the UN Security Council to give a mandate on the issue. Our direct involvement should be through the provision of troops to secure civilian population from harm.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Syrian Protests and American Intervention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though most Arab Nations are reluctant to join the Syrian debate, the U.S should try to reach out to them to seek their support in rescuing innocent civilians. The rebels fighting Bashar Assad’s government share many common interests with the United States. As such, the U.S should provide them with logis tics to enhance their chances of overthrowing the dictatorial regime. Currently, they are ill equipped and lack experience of fighting; hence, their chances of success are thin. The decisions we make today define us as a nation. The freedom our citizens enjoy today was earned by both sweet and blood. Therefore, by assisting the people of Syria, we are showing them away to a better life. By actively championing for a regime change in Syria, we will obviously be attracting more responsibilities to our great nation, but we cannot afford to sit back and watch innocent people die in the hands of merciless and selfish leaders. The minority and the weak always look up to us for help in such times, and we cannot afford to disappoint them. Our failure to intervene will be viewed as a sign of weakness, which might encourage other regimes to cling onto power against public will. After the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the U.S. relationship with the Muslim world has not been good[8]. Therefor e, many of the Muslim states cannot welcome any form of intervention in Syria. Even though military intervention can absolutely spark wide opposition, many, especially civilians, could view humanitarian aid and provision of logistics as pure and sincere assistance. Our involvement in Syria should only end when the country has attained democratic leadership. Military personnel deployed to help civilians should however, stay behind for some time to assist in the transition process. Up to now, the atrocities committed against civilians in Syrian are intolerable, but the U.S must trade carefully. However, if death toll from the uprisings continue to rise and other nations, especially Muslim nations, keep their distance, then, the U.S may be left no other choice but to intervene with a fully-fledge military battalion. This could be more involving and costly, but worth the lives of innocent Syrians used as punching bags by government soldiers and rebels. Disregard for human lives by the S yrian government will leave us no options, but to pull together our resources, monetary, logistics, and personnel, to rescue the civilians. When it comes to such a level, the Security Council’s decisions will be of little effect to the U.S intervention in Syria. The cost of the war in Iraq has been expensive and we must avoid adding further expenses to our already burdened public. However, when it comes to saving lives, our options are limited.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bowen, Jeremy. BBC News Syria rebels gain foothold in Damascus. BBC Homepage. N.p., 28 Jan. 2012. Web. Breakingnews.com. Syrian Violence Kills 36; Arab Leaders Back Peace Plan. VOA Voice of America English News VOA News. N.p., 28 Mar. 2012. Web. Celmer, Marc A.. Terrorism, U.S. strategy, and Reagan policies. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Print. Davies, Nicolas J.S.. Blood on our hands: the American invasion and destruction of Iraq. Version 1.0. ed. Ann Arbor: Nimble Books, LLC, 2010. Print. Goodarzi, Jubin M.. Syria and Iran: diplomatic alliance and power politics in the Middle East. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2006. Print. Madu, Ifeanyi V.. Islamic Extremism and the West: Expounding the Negative Implications of the Clash Between Islamic Extremists and Some Western Nations. London: ProQuest, 2008. Print. Quigley, John B.. The statehood of Palestine: international law in the Middle East conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. Sidhu, Surinder Singh. 9/11: The Inside Story. Washington, DC: Strategic Book Publishing, 2012. Print. Footnotes Breakingnews.com. Syrian Violence Kills 36; Arab Leaders Back Peace Plan.  VOA Voice of America English News VOA News. N.p., 28 Mar. 2012. Web. Bowen, Jeremy. BBC News Syria rebels gain foothold in Damascus.BBC Homepage. N.p., 28 Jan. 2012. Web. Ifeanyi Madu,  Islamic Extremism and the West: Expounding the Negative Implications of the Clash Between Islamic Extremists and Some Western Nations (London: ProQuest, 2008) 105. Celmer, Marc, Terrorism, U.S. strategy, and Reagan policies. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. P. 47 Print. Surinder Singh Sidhu,   9/11: The Inside Story (Washington, DC: Strategic Book Publishing, 2012) 29. John B. Quigley,  The statehood of Palestine: international law in the Middle East conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010) 45. Jubin M. Goodarzi,  Syria and Iran: diplomatic alliance and power politics in the Middle East, (London: Tauris Academ ic Studies, 2006) 11. Nicolas J.S. Davies,  Blood on our hands: the American invasion and destruction of Iraq (Version 1.0. ed. Ann Arbor: Nimble Books, LLC, 2010) 32.

Definition and Examples of Syntactic Ambiguity

Definition and Examples of Syntactic Ambiguity In English  grammar, syntactic ambiguity is  the presence of two or more possible meanings within a single sentence or sequence of words. Also called structural ambiguity or  grammatical ambiguity. Compare with lexical ambiguity  (the presence of two or more possible meanings within a single word). The intended meaning of a syntactically ambiguous sentence can often (but not always) be determined by context. Examples and Observations The professor said on Monday he would give an exam.The chicken is ready to eat.The burglar threatened the student with the knife.Visiting relatives can be boring.This morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas I dont know.(Groucho MarxA lady with a clipboard stopped me in the street the other day. She said, Can you spare a few minutes for cancer research? I said, All right, but were not going to get much done.(English comedian Jimmy CarrPlanes can go around the world, iPhones can do a zillion things, but humans have not invented a machine that can debone a cow or a chicken as efficiently as a human being, says Alan Alanis, a JPMorgan Chase (JPM) analyst.(Bryan Gruley and Lucia Kassai, Brazilian Meatpacker JBS Wrangles the U.S. Beef Industry. Bloomberg Businessweek, September 19, 2013) Types of Ambiguity We can crudely classify the sorts  of ambiguity found in sentences as follows: 1. Pure syntactic ambiguity:old men and womenFrench silk underwear2. Quasi-syntactic ambiguity:The astronaut entered the atmosphere again.a red pencil3. Lexico-syntactic ambiguity:We saw her duck.I saw the door open.4. Pure lexical ambiguity:He reached the bank.What is his position? The statement pure syntactic ambiguity is meant ambiguity in which the variant readings of a sentence involve identical lexical units; the ambiguity is thus necessarily a matter merely of the way the elements are grouped together.(D. A. Cruse, Lexical Semantics. Cambridge University Press, 1986 Using Speech Cues to Decipher Syntactic AmbiguitySome sentences are syntactically ambiguous at the global level, in which case the whole sentence has two or more possible interpretations. For example, They are cooking apples is ambiguous because it may or may not mean that apples are being cooked. . . .One of the ways in which listeners work out the syntactic or grammatical structure of spoken sentences is by using prosodic cues in the form of stress, intonation, and so on. For example, in the ambiguous sentence The old men and women sat on the bench, the women may or may not be old. If the women are not old, then the spoken duration of word men will be relatively long and the stressed syllable in women will have a steep rise in speech contour. Neither of these prosodic features will be present if the sentence means the women are old.(M. Eysenck and M. Keane, Cognitive Psychology. Taylor Francis, 2005 Ambiguous StructuresSyntactic ambiguity occurs when a sequence of words can be structured in alternative ways that are consistent with the syntax of the language. For instance, . . . [this word group] is ambiguous: (1) a. John told the woman that Bill was dating. . . . In 1a, that Bill was dating could either be a relative clause (as in John told the woman that Bill was dating a lie) or a sentence complement (as in John told the woman that Bill was dating a liar).(Patrizia Tabossi et al., Semantic Effects on Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Attention and Performance XV, ed. by C. Umilt. MIT Press, 1994)

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Business Strategy - Essay Example Since these technologies are patented, they become a vital resource to Nintendo. Since for the current they are inimitable, they provide a competitive advantage to the company. A major weakness in Wii as described in the case is its poorer graphics as compared to those of its rivals—Xbox and Sony Playstation. This is due to the absence of high-definition video players that come with Wii’s two major competitors. Porter’s three generic strategies include overall cost leadership, differentiation and focus (Bartol 2001, 239). These three strategies require certain skills and resources as well as organizational requirements in order to be executed well. When a firm pursues overall cost leadership, the company should be ready to embrace efficiency as its objective, as reflected in its systems in order to maintain its position in the market as the player that maintains the most efficient cost systems. With lower costs, companies can offer lower prices to consumers without sacrificing too much of its profits, thus getting ahead of the competition especially in the market where price is the product’s attribute that is given the most weight when considering purchase. Differentiation on the other hand makes a company take a position in the market by offering unique products, thus gaining monopolistic powers over pricing and other considerations that are related to the product. By offering unique products, a company then can then charge higher margins because of the value of uniqueness. Focus, is a combination of the two strategies which caters to a smaller bit of the market rather than the whole. By segmenting the market and focusing on a small or niche segment, unique products can be offered while keeping tight controls on costs. I see Nintendo pursuing differentiation strategy with the Wii. Although it offers the lowest of prices among competitors, it does not compete on the basis of efficiency thus the integration of all

Construction Defects with Homeowners Case Study

Construction Defects with Homeowners - Case Study Example The third year and for up to the tenth, the major structural defects are covered including foundation walls, load-bearing portions, supporting beams and foundation footings. The homeowner should file for claim in the covered period, but may notify the local construction official for foundation damages that may or may no longer be covered by the warranty. The law covering construction of foundation is Title 5 Community Affairs Chapter 25 Regulations Governing New Home Warranties and Builders’ Registration or N.J.A.C. 5:25. Specifically, the Act â€Å"prescribe the form and coverage of the minimum warranty established by the Act; govern procedures for the implementation and processing of claims pursuant to the warranty; establish requirements for registration as a builder, and procedures governing the denial, revocation and suspension of builders registration; and, establish the requirements of private alternate. Adams (2010) cited many builder-contractor liabilities in the cas e where foundation issues occur among homeowners. Home building foundations usually last for tens or even hundreds of years when done properly. But â€Å"serious and difficult to fix [†¦] if built poorly [†¦and] threaten the stability of the home and the homeowner’s investment,† (Adams, 2010, P 1). One of the more critical issues about foundation problems is that it only becomes apparent after several years of completion and even occupancy of the home. The homeowner may be left unsure of what recourse may be available.

Three Year Degree Exception- Petition Letter Essay Example for Free

Three Year Degree Exception- Petition Letter Essay I am a diligent, hardworking student submitting this petition before you. I wish to pursue my Masters’ in Information Technology in the U.S. and I have the preliminary eligibility of a Bachelors’ from Osmania University in India. I have also a post graduate diploma that I obtained from a professional organization Comp-u-Serve.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In India, a student becomes eligible to apply for his Masters’ soon after he completes the three year rigorous curriculum at Bachelors’ and this is equivalent to the four year degree in the US. I was in the midst of a formal education from Vivekananda School of PG Studies which is a DOEACC – B Level Program,[ equivalent to Master’s In Computer applications on completion ] when I came to the US to take up employment at General Electric, since the prestigious offer was too good an opportunity to miss. I would have completed my Masters’ in India had it not been for the wonderful opportunity to come to the US and I request the authorities to consider the fact that I do have a Bachelors’ in Commerce from a University, a Diploma in Computer Applications and further formal education at Vivekananda School of Post Graduate Studies that gives me an additional 12 semester hours of credit as evaluated by CED Evaluations. The education system in India trains a student adequately to pursue a Masters’ after the three year duration of Bachelors’. The course curriculum and number of hours a student has to put in during his Bachelors’ are designed to suit this purpose. The student gets an all round thorough training in the Major he chooses and there are allied subjects that are given equal importance. Once a student gets his Bachelors’ he is sufficiently equipped to face the challenges in the course of his Masters’, because the three year degree course curriculum is intensive, and calls for an in depth study of the major chosen. It was this University degree of Commerce and the computer skills acquired in the course of my diploma that fetched me an excellent employment opportunity in the US. This stands testimony to the fact that the three year University degree given by an Indian University is as good as the four year degree that makes a student eligible for his Masters’ in the USA.Many deserving students who successfully complete their three year University degree get Campus placements and lucrative employment offers.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  I became interested in the field of Finance in my High School which motivated me to get a University Degree in Commerce. However, market research showed a growing demand for computer products and services and hence I decided to pursue a business related to Computer products. Being a Commerce student I wanted to be exposed to Computer Applications first, and that is why I first chose to get a diploma at Comp-u-serve. My motive was to get a systematic training in Information Systems which would enable me to offer unique services and solutions to corporate houses. Hence I decided to take up a job as a Computer Professional to better understand the practical aspects of business. Later, I also joined a Master’s program in Computer Applications to enhance my technical knowledge to the fullest the following are the courses that I studied during my training at Vivekananda.1. IT Tools and Applications.2 Business Systems.3 Programming and Problem Solving through C Language .4 Computer Organisation.5 Structured System Analysis Design.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I passed three of these but I was forced to discontinue my studies because I had to come abroad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .Now my unfinished education would get fulfillment only by getting admission into a Masters’ program in the US. The Bachelor’s of Commerce in my case is equivalent to Bachelor’s of Business Administration as evaluated by CED Evaluation. I have had good work experience in the field of Technology because I was a system administrator at Wintech Computers for two years, a Client Service Analyst for two years at GE and an IT Consultant for six years at Mascon Global Consulting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Indian system offers a Bachelors’ [a University degree] after three years and that is why I had to take up the three year course. I do have a post graduate diploma in computer applications, a formal education in my regular post Graduate studies in Computer Applications for six months and sufficient related experience. I humbly request you to give weight to these facts and grant me an exception to the four year university degree policy as I have a three year degree. I am confident that I would be able to meet all demands in the course curriculum of my Masters’ in Information Systems., because I have the grounding as well as motivation to complete the course successfully. I have basic exposure to theoretical knowledge of computers, competent and relevant practical experience in the field, and a composite honing of skills and comprehensive knowledge in Computer Applications would only be provided by a Masters’ .I assure you of my eligibility to pursue this and request you to treat my three year University degree in India as the four year eligibility criteria of the US.

The French Revolution of 1789 Essay -- French History

There is no doubt that the French Revolution has had a profound effect on the world. The cause or causes of it have been greatly disputed. Clearly the Revolution's primary cause was the presence of a weak monarchy and a lack of a stable system of government. France's absolute monarchy had many changes toward the end of the eighteenth century. King Louis XVI, in his attempts to consolidate his authority and lessen the power of the aristocrats, had planned out an intendant system. The intendants were like governors. They would oversee one constituency of the country. These intendants could not govern the region in which they lived, and were chosen from other than the aristocracy. This insured that their allegiance was pledged to the king and not to their own region. This system caused great disturbances among the aristocrats who felt that the regions should rule them, which in fact, would take away the power from the monarchy. Unfortunately for King Louis XVI, this system had been corr upted by the time he had come to power. The intendants had been replaced by nobility and they had no loyalty to the monarchy. Everybody was trying to be more independent from the monarchy. The Parliaments, who before King Louis XVI had the right to bar the king's legislation, all changed when Louis XVI had made it illegal to veto. This had diminished any kind of check or balance system that had existed in France. This decision by Louis XVI made the Parliaments rebel against the King. Louis XVI, who had not been a very strong king to begin with, sat idle while the Parliaments reduced his power. France, who had been in great debt, could not raise taxes because the Parliaments would not pass it. Nothing was accomplished because the government could not ag... ...and the presence of a weak monarchy in Louis' XVI indecisive and half-hearted attempt at running the country, had caused the downfall of the French monarchy and an overhaul of the country itself. Works Cited 1. Hooker, Richard. (1999): n. pag. Web. 7 Jan 2011. . 2. Kreis, Steven. "The Origins of the French Revolution." (2006): n. pag. Web. 6 Jan 2011. . 3. "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity." Exploring the French Revolution n. pag. Web. 6 Jan 2011. . 4. "The Social Causes of the French Revolution." n. pag. Web. 6 Jan 2011. . 5. n. pag. Web. 6 Jan 2011. .

Toulmin Model

Josh Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals Legally? In the article, â€Å"Special Licenses for Immigrants Draw Protests in North Carolina,† by David Zucchino, he tells a story of a fight over driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in North Carolina. The key issue with the license is that it has a pink stripe running across the top of the card, and a phrase saying â€Å"No Lawful Status,† as well as a restriction on the back reiterating the same fact.Many people, including the author based on his biased sources, are opposed to this label and say that it is discriminatory and will provide a stigma to immigrants with this license. Supporting evidence is shown through a various number of sources, mainly the illegal immigrants themselves. These immigrants are protected under the deferred action program, which provides work permits and defers deportation for two years for immigrants brought into the country as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marr oquin, who is a coordinator for an advocacy group, asks, â€Å"why make it so discriminatory,† and then says that they are trying to â€Å"out [illegal immigrants]. † The American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina (ACLU) says that it is â€Å"unnecessary† and could â€Å"lead to harassment†¦ and racial profiling. † The Latin American Coalition in Charlotte says that it â€Å"would create a class of ‘inferior’ citizens,† considering that over 15,000 deferred-action applicants have been approved in North Carolina. The warrants coming with the claim are both explicit and implied.When you look at the big picture, knowing how society reacts to labels, this label would invoke a negative stigma on anyone using or showing this card in public. The backing for this follows suit with all of the support. Other immigrants are opposing it, saying that they won’t be able to make purchases with checks, order a beer or get on an airpl ane using this as a form of ID. Even though Republicans typically are opposed to any issue favoring immigrants, Zucchino seems to put a spin on their legislature. The Red North Carolina legislature has temporarily suspended the bill in order to give time for legislators to block or limit the license.Zucchino words this fact in a way to make it seem that even the very legislators that run this country, do not want this license to come to fruition for the same reasons as the immigrants themselves. A brief rebuttal comes in the form of a statement from a spokeswoman from the NC Department of Transportation. She claims that the design of the license stemmed from the state attorney general’s opinion. From there, the idea went through weeks of talks with federal and state agencies, and even advocacy groups. She says that this is all about the â€Å"individuals [being] able to get their driver’s licenses. † Toulmin Model Josh Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals Legally? In the article, â€Å"Special Licenses for Immigrants Draw Protests in North Carolina,† by David Zucchino, he tells a story of a fight over driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in North Carolina. The key issue with the license is that it has a pink stripe running across the top of the card, and a phrase saying â€Å"No Lawful Status,† as well as a restriction on the back reiterating the same fact.Many people, including the author based on his biased sources, are opposed to this label and say that it is discriminatory and will provide a stigma to immigrants with this license. Supporting evidence is shown through a various number of sources, mainly the illegal immigrants themselves. These immigrants are protected under the deferred action program, which provides work permits and defers deportation for two years for immigrants brought into the country as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marr oquin, who is a coordinator for an advocacy group, asks, â€Å"why make it so discriminatory,† and then says that they are trying to â€Å"out [illegal immigrants]. † The American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina (ACLU) says that it is â€Å"unnecessary† and could â€Å"lead to harassment†¦ and racial profiling. † The Latin American Coalition in Charlotte says that it â€Å"would create a class of ‘inferior’ citizens,† considering that over 15,000 deferred-action applicants have been approved in North Carolina. The warrants coming with the claim are both explicit and implied.When you look at the big picture, knowing how society reacts to labels, this label would invoke a negative stigma on anyone using or showing this card in public. The backing for this follows suit with all of the support. Other immigrants are opposing it, saying that they won’t be able to make purchases with checks, order a beer or get on an airpl ane using this as a form of ID. Even though Republicans typically are opposed to any issue favoring immigrants, Zucchino seems to put a spin on their legislature. The Red North Carolina legislature has temporarily suspended the bill in order to give time for legislators to block or limit the license.Zucchino words this fact in a way to make it seem that even the very legislators that run this country, do not want this license to come to fruition for the same reasons as the immigrants themselves. A brief rebuttal comes in the form of a statement from a spokeswoman from the NC Department of Transportation. She claims that the design of the license stemmed from the state attorney general’s opinion. From there, the idea went through weeks of talks with federal and state agencies, and even advocacy groups. She says that this is all about the â€Å"individuals [being] able to get their driver’s licenses. †

American History Study Guide Ch. 15-18

Chapter 15 Elizabeth Cady Stanton: One of the most prominent leaders of the 19th century and leading figure of the early woman’s body; social activist/abolitionist Opposed the 14th and 15th amendment because it did nothing to enfranchise women Leader of the National Suffrage Association Crop-lien/Sharecropping:Growing of cotton and pledge a part of the crop as collateral Sharecropping: initially arose as a compromise between blacks’ desire for land and planters’ demand for labor discipline System allowed each black family to rent a part of a plantation with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year Guaranteed the planters a stable resident labor force Black Codes:Laws passed by the new southern governments that attempted to regulate the lives of the former slaves Granted blacks certain rights: legalized marriage, ownership of property, and limited access to courts Denied them rights to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state mil itias, or to vote Declared that those who failed to sign yearly labor contracts could be arrested and hired out to white landowners Thaddeus Stevens:Radical who represented Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives Wanted to confiscate the land of disloyal planters and divide it among former slaves and northern migrants to the South; plan proved to be too radical Hiram Revels: Mississippi representative for the U. S. Senate during Reconstruction Served as chaplain in the wartime Union army and became the first black senator in American history Enforcement Acts of 1870-1871: Outlawed terrorist societies and allowed the president to use the army against them Continued the expansion of national authority duringReconstruction. Defined crimes that aimed to deprive citizens of the civil and political rights as federal offenses rather than violations of state law Klan eventually went out of existence U. S. v Cruikshank overthrew the Enforcement Acts U. S. v Cruikshank: Ruled that the du e process and equal protection clauses applied only to state action and not to actions of individuals Case that gutted the Enforcement Acts by throwing out convictions of some of those responsible for the Colfax Massacre of 1873 Election of 1876/Bargain of 1877:Republican nominee: Rutherford B. Hayes Democratic nominee: Samuel J. Tilden Election so close that whoever captured SC, FL, or LA would win Bargain: Congress appointed a 15-member electoral commission Members decided Hayes carried the disputed southern states, and therefore, won Reconstruction Act of 1867: Temporarily divided the South into 5 military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote Passed by Congress over Johnson’s veto Chapter 16 Railroad Strike of 1877: ka Great Railroad Strike: first national labor walkout When workers protested a pay cut that paralyzed rail traffic, militia units tried to force them back to work The strike revealed a strong se nse of solidarity among workers and close ties b/w the Republican party and the new class of industrialists Aftermath: government constructed armories to ensure troops would be in hand in the event of labor difficulties Henry George, Progress and Poverty: Influential writer on social issues during the Gilded AgeHe identified the monopolization of land as the cause of social inequality Progress and Poverty: offered a critique of the expansion of poverty amid material abundance Book proposing more optimistic remedies for the unequal distribution of health His solution: â€Å"single tax†which would replace other taxes with a levy on increases in the value of real estate; it would be so high that it would prevent speculation in both urban and rural land George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with ownership of land; saw government as a â€Å"repressive power† Sherman Ant-Trust Act:Banned combinations and practices that restrained free trade; impossible to enfor ce Helped to establish the precedent that the national government could regulate the economy to promoted the public good Lochner v New York/Liberty of Contract Ideal: Supreme court voided a state law establishing ten hours per day or sixty per week as the maximum hours for bakers Battle at Wounded Knee: Soldiers opened fire on Ghost Dancers encamped near Wounded Knee Creek, killing b/w 150 and 200 Indians Marked the end of four centuries of armed conflict b/w the continent’s native population and European settlers and their descendantsAndrew Carnegie: Established a â€Å"vertically integrated† steel company – one that controlled every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution. Dominated steel industry Knights of Labor: First group to try to organize unskilled workers as skilled, women alongside men, and blacks as well as whites Wanted to end the use of public and private police forces and court injunctions agains t strikes and labor organizations Thomas A. Edison:Era’s greatest inventor; Invented the phonograph, light bulb, motion picture, and a system for generating and distributing electric power Opened first electric generating station U. S. Steel Company: Founded in 1901; maintained labor policies held by Andrew Carnegie – lower wages and opposition to unionization Chapter 17 Omaha Platform, 1892: Party program adopted at the formative convention of the Populist Party Represents the merger of the agrarian concerns of the Farmers' Alliance with the free-currency monetarism of the Greenback Party while explicitly endorsing the goals of the largely urban Knights of Labor.Tom Watson: Georgia’s leading Populist who worked the hardest to forge a black-white alliance Made vicious speeches whipping up prejudice against blacks, Jews, and Catholics Kansas Exodus: Some blacks sought a way out through emigration from the South 40, 000 to 60, 000 African Americans migrated to Kan sas seeking political equality, freedom from violence, access to education, and economic opportunity Exodus derived from biblical account of Jews escaping slavery in Egypt Ida B. Wells:Nation’s leading antilynching crusader; insisted that given the conditions of southern blacks, the US had no right to call itself the â€Å"land of the free† â€Å"New Immigrants†: 3. 5 million newcomers seeking jobs in the industrial centers of the North and Midwest Described by native-born Americans as members of distinct â€Å"races†, whose lower level of civilization explained everything from their willingness to work for substandard wages to their supposed inborn tendency toward criminal behavior â€Å"Business Unionism†: Women’s Christian Temperance Union:Largest female organization; comprehensive program of economic and political reform including the right to vote â€Å"must abandon the idea that weakness and dependence were their nature and join asse rtively in movements to change society† Frances Willard: President Election of 1896: Republicans met the silverite challenge insisting that gold was the only â€Å"honest† currency Republican nominee: William McKinley Sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign because of the amount of money spent Democrats and Populists supported: William Jennings Bryan McKinley was the winner Platt Amendment:Drafted by Senator Platt of Connecticut Authorized the US to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit; US also acquired a permanent lease on naval stations in Cuba Had to be approved before Cuba could recognize their independence Chapter 18 Muckraking: The use of journalistic skills to expose the underside of American life; Theodore Roosevelt came up with the term New Immigration: Began around 1890 and reached its peak during the Progressive Era People came from southern and eastern Europe; 13 million came to the US, the majority from Italy, Russia, and the Austro-Hung arian empireFordism: Concentration on standardizing output and lowering prices Moving assembly line: car frames brought to workers on a continuously moving conveyor belt Fordism: economic system based on mass production and mass consumption Lawrence, Mass. , strike of 1912: When the state legislature enacted a 54 hour workweek, employers reduced the weekly take home pay of those who had been laboring longer hours Workers spontaneously went on strike and called IWW for assistance Children strikers left the city, and city officials ordered that no more children could leave LawrenceSamuel â€Å"Golden Rule†Jones: Gilded Age mayors who pioneered urban Progressivism Instituted 8 hour day and paid vacations at his factory that produced oil drilling equipment Founded night schools and free kindergartens, built new parks, and supported right of workers to unionize Jane Addams: Era’s most prominent female reformer Believed woman’s life should be governed by the â€Å"fa mily claim† – the obligation to devote herself to parents, husband, and children Founder of the Hull House in 1889 – settlement house devoted to improving the lives of the immigrant poorJohn Muir: Organized the Sierra Club to help preserve forests from uncontrolled logging by timber companies and other intrusions of civilization Federal Trade Commission: Second expansion of national power in 1914 Established to investigate and prohibit â€Å"unfair†business activities such as price-fixing and monopolistic practices Welcomed by many business leaders as a means of restoring order to the economic marketplace and warding off more radical measure for curbing corporate power

Nineteenth Century Responses to Industrialization essays

Nineteenth Century Responses to Industrialization essays The industrial age brought about a series of political, economical and social changes that were generally reflected by the art works created at that time. We can think of many such works: Dickens and his novels of course or some of the paintings of mid-19th century. These works of art reflected not only a period of change for the society, but also the use of new means of production that endured faster made and usually better quality This is also the case of graphic design- in many ways, it followed the evolution of any other industry. The Gutenberg press was in use for several centuries when the steam engine was invented in the 18th century. "The development of the steam engine impacted on the mechanization of the printing presses"[1]. As in any other industry, the apparition and development of the steam engine and the "mechanization" of the design process made it possible to create more in much less time[2]. Even thus, as in many other areas, the negative consequences of graphics designs was quite high: an increase in speed was usually not reflected in the quality of the final product and the usual case was that the graphic designs were not of the same quality as before. The workers' experience and quality had also decreased and, in the end, it all impacted the quality of art. The graphic designs art began to pick up a serious commercial air in the second half of the 19th century, when the works began to be more than works of art and more related to the economic issues of the times. The label designs began to be registered as trademarks and were more and more used as commercial products rather than works of art. It was also during this period that the label with signature, attesting the product's quality that we see today in many commercials made its appearance. However, as I have shown in the lines above, this quest for speed and ...

Lessons on French Parts of Speech

Lessons on French Parts of Speech Learning French is hard, and its even harder if you dont understand the basics of grammar in your own language. If your mind boggles when people start talking about nouns, adjectives, and other parts of speech, this lesson is for you. The eight parts of speech are listed below, with each one bolded in a sample sentence. Click each term to learn more about it, including examples, tips on figuring out which part of speech a particular word belongs to, and links to more detailed lessons. Adjective Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la table.I am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table. Adverb Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la table.I am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table. Article Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la tableI am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table Conjunction Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la tableI am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table Noun Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la tableI am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table Preposition Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la tableI am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table Pronoun Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la tableI am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table Verb Je parle lentement parce que les nouveaux à ©tudiants sont la tableI am speaking slowly because the new students are at the table

Marketing Communications Plan for TESCO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

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Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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